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  •  
    		• Lawrie, Lee Oskar,
     
  •  
    		• Goodhue, Bertram Grosvenor,
     
  •  
    		• General Bronze Corporation,
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Lamarck, Jean de Monet
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Galton, Francis
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Watt, James
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Gibbs, Josiah Willard
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Franklin, Benjamin
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- von Helmholtz, Herman L. F.
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Huygens, Christian
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Darwin, Charles
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Lyell, Charles
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Faraday, Michael
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Von Humboldt, Alexander
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Dalton, John
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Galilei, Galileo
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Leonardo da Vinci
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Hipparchus
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Euclid
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Democritus
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Thales
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Hippocrates
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Aristotle
     
  •  
    		• Ethnic -- Scottish
     
  •  
    		• Ethnic -- French
     
  •  
    		• Ethnic -- British
     
  •  
    		• Ethnic -- Dutch
     
  •  
    		• Ethnic -- German
     
  •  
    		• Ethnic -- Italian
     
  •  
    		• Ethnic -- Polish
     
  •  
    		• Ethnic -- Greek
     
  •  
    		• Ethnic -- Austrian
     
  •  
    		• Ethnic -- Swedish
     
  •  
    		• Relief
     
  •  
    		• Outdoor Sculpture -- District of Columbia -- Washington
     
  •  
    		• Sculpture
     
     
    The Progress of Science, (sculpture).
    Artist: 
    Lawrie, Lee Oskar, 1877-1963, sculptor.
    Goodhue, Bertram Grosvenor, 1869-1924, architect.
    General Bronze Corporation, founder.
    Title: 
    The Progress of Science, (sculpture).
    Dates: 
    1923.
    Digital Reference: 
    Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image Image
    Medium: 
    Reliefs: bronze.
    Dimensions: 
    6 reliefs. Each relief: approx. H. 5 ft. W. 10 ft.
    Inscription: 
    (Panel 1:) GALTON GIBBS HELMHOLTZ DARWIN LYELL FARADAY (Panel 2:) HUMBOLDT/DALTON LAMARCK WATT FRANKLIN HUYGENS (Panel 3:) GALILEO LEONARDO HIPPARCHUS EUCLID DEMOCRITUS THALES (Panel 4:) HIPPOCRATES ARISTOTLE ARCHIMEDES COPERNICUS VESALIUS/HARVEY (Panel 5:) DESCARTES NEWTON LINNAEUS LAVOISIER LAPLACE CUVIER GAUSS (Panel 6:) CARNOT BERNARD JOULE PASTEUR MENDEL MAXWELL unsigned
    Description: 
    Six low relief panels located on the front entrance of the building illustrate the progress of science through portraits of famous scientists. The panels are located in the recessed window frames on either side of the front entrance; three panels on each side. Each panel depicts six male figures in profile. The name of each figure appears along the top, just above each head.
    Panel one from left to right: 1) Sir Francis Galton of England (1822-1911) holding a large tablet; 2) Josiah Willard Gibbs of Connecticut (1839-1903) holding a large book; 3) Herman L. F. von Helmholtz of England (1821-1894) holding a small book in his proper right hand and a ball in his proper left hand; 4) Charles R. Darwin of England (1809-1882) seated in a chair with a dog at his feet; 5) Sir Charles Lyell of Scotland (1797-1875) examining something held in his proper right hand 6) Sir Michael Faraday of England (1791-1867) working on an experiment.
    Panel two from left to right: 1) Alexander von Humboldt of Germany (1769-1859) holding a book; 2) John Dalton of England (1766-1844) seated reading a paper; 3) Jean de Monet Lamarck of France (1744-1829) holding something in his proper left hand; 4) James Watt of Scotland (1736-1819) holding a v-shaped compass for drawing circles in his proper left hand poised over paper which he balances on his raised proper left leg; 5) Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania (1706-1790) holding a kite in his proper right hand and a key in his proper left hand; 6) Christian Huygens of The Netherlands (1629-1695) stooped over a project involving a ladder with a hourglass.
    Panel three from left to right: 1) Galileo Galilei of Italy (1564-1642) standing with the Tower of Pisa leaning behind him; Leonardo da Vinci of Italy (1452-1519) holding a bird in his proper left hand; and the following Greek philosophers 3) Hipparchus (146-127 B.C.) holding a staff in his proper left hand and looking toward a crab dangling in front of him; 4) Euclid (fl. 300 B.C.) holding a triangle in his proper right hand; 5) Democritus (ca. 470-380 B.C.) with a symbol for the sun shining over him; and 6) Thales (ca. 624-545 B.C.) kneeling holding a large v-shaped compass.
    Panel four from left to right: 1) Hippocrates (fl. 460 B.C.) pouring liquid from a bottle into a bowl held by a young boy; 2) Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) seated with his proper right hand raised in the direction of a small equestrian statue mounted on a pedestal; 3) Archimedes holding a bowl and a ball; 4) Nicolaus Copernicus of Poland (1773-1543) looking up at the sky and pointing to a large globe in front of him; 5) Andreas Vesalius of Belgium (1514-1564) holding a bone in his proper right hand; 6) William Harvey of England (1578-1657) holding an apple.
    Panel five from left to right: 1) Rene Descartes of France (1596-1650) holding an apple; 2) Sir Issac Newton of England (1642-1727) holding a walking stick; 3) Carolus Linnaeus of Sweden (1707-1778) holding a plant; 4) Antoine Laurent Lavoisier of France (1743-1794) seated resting his arms on a stack of books; 5)Pierre Simon Laplace of France (1749-1827); 6) Frederick Dagobert Cuvier of France (1769-1832) is just barely visible behind Karl Friedrich Gauss of Germany (1777-1855).
    Panel six from left to right: 1) Nicolas Carnot of France (1796-1832) heating a large test tube; 2) Claude Bernard of France (1813-1878) seated holding a test tube over a large bowl; 3) James Prescott Joule of England (1818-1889) seated with a symbol of a gear over his head; 4) Louis Pasteur of France (1822-1895) standing over a microscope 5) Gregor Johanes Mendel of Austria (1822-1884) holding a small plant; and James Clerk Maxwell of Scotland (1731-1879) standing next to an experiment.
    Subject: 
    Portrait male -- Lamarck, Jean de Monet -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Galton, Francis -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Watt, James -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Gibbs, Josiah Willard -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Franklin, Benjamin -- Full length
    Portrait male -- von Helmholtz, Herman L. F. -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Huygens, Christian -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Darwin, Charles -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Lyell, Charles -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Faraday, Michael -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Von Humboldt, Alexander -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Dalton, John -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Galilei, Galileo -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Leonardo da Vinci -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Hipparchus -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Euclid -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Democritus -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Thales -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Hippocrates -- Full length
    Portrait male -- Aristotle -- Full length
    Ethnic -- Scottish
    Ethnic -- French
    Ethnic -- British
    Ethnic -- Dutch
    Ethnic -- German
    Ethnic -- Italian
    Ethnic -- Polish
    Ethnic -- Greek
    Ethnic -- Austrian
    Ethnic -- Swedish
    Object Type: 
    Relief
    Outdoor Sculpture -- District of Columbia -- Washington
    Sculpture
    Owner: 
    National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Entrance facade, Washington, District of Columbia 20418
    Remarks: 
    Goode publication contains an image of only panel number three.
    References: 
    Save Outdoor Sculpture, District of Columbia survey, 1994.
    Goode, James M., "The Outdoor Sculpture of Washington, D.C., A Comprehensive Historical Guide," Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1974, pg. 440.
    Michael Richman, SAAM curatorial assistant, 1967-1969.
    Illustration: 
    Image on file.
    Goode, James M., "The Outdoor Sculpture of Washington, D.C., A Comprehensive Historical Guide," Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1974, pg. M-2.
    Note: 
    The information provided about this artwork was compiled as part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture database, designed to provide descriptive and location information on artworks by American artists in public and private collections worldwide.
    Repository: 
    Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture, Smithsonian American Art Museum, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 970, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012
    Control Number: 
    IAS DC000122
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    Inventory of American SculptureDC000122Add Copy to MyList

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