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More Smithsonian Searches     Who else has...     Chambellan, Rene Paul,     McGill, Henry J.,     Religion -- New Testament     Portrait male -- Gallagher, Michael     Occupation -- Religion     Figure male -- Bust     Religion -- New Testament     Religion -- New Testament     Religion -- New Testament     Religion -- New Testament     Architecture exterior -- Religious     Religion -- Angel     Religion -- Saint     Religion -- Saint     Religion -- Saint     Religion -- Saint     Religion -- Saint     Religion -- Saint     Religion -- Saint     Religion -- Saint     Religion -- Saint     Religion -- Saint     Religion -- Old Testament     Religion -- Old Testament     Emblem -- Cross     Emblem -- Star of David     Animal -- Bird     Animal -- Lion     Animal -- Cattle     Figure -- Fragment     Outdoor Sculpture -- Michigan -- Royal Oak     Relief     Architectural component     Sculpture

Tolerance Tower, (sculpture). Artist:  Chambellan, Rene Paul, 1893-1955, sculptor. McGill, Henry J., architect. Title:  Tolerance Tower, (sculpture). Other Titles:  Crucifixion Tower, (sculpture). Shrine of the Little Flower, (sculpture). Dates:  1931. Dedicated Oct. 12, 1931. Medium:  Tower: limestone, granite, marble, and bronze; Base: granite. Dimensions:  Tower: approx. 100 x 25 x 25 ft.; Christ figure: approx. 28 x 15 x 3 ft. Inscription:  unsigned Description:  An Art-Deco style tower, with a relief of a crucified Christ on the front, and other religious symbols and figures depicted throughout. Behind Christ's head is a Star of David; above Christ are inscriptions in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek, with a dove symbolizing the Holy Spirit. Surmounting the top of the tower are reliefs symbolizing the four Evangelists, including an eagle (for St. John), a male bust (for St. Matthew); a lion (for St. Mark), and a calf (for St. Luke). The tower crown is entwined with branches and blossoms of a mustard plant, with a bird of paradise sitting at each corner. Below Christ, is a relief carving of a skull and cross bones. At the lower corners of the tower are Mary and St. John (left corner), and Mary Magdalen and the Centurion Langinus (right corner). Figures continue to the sides of the tower and are three-dimensional above the shoulders, changing into relief as they go down. Centered at the base of the tower is an open, outdoor pulpit with a bronze door, framed with an entry with reliefs of "the twenty-four ancients" mentioned in the Apocalypse of St. John, with "CHARITY" and "CHRIST CRUCIFIED" inscribed above the door. The front of the pulpit depicts the archangels Michael, Raphael, Jophiel, Gabriel, and Uriel in relief. Standing across the terrace from the tower is a high relief figure of St. Therese "the little flower," wearing a veil with her arms crossed, two angels by her side. The nearby Shrine of the Little Flower is also decorated with religious symbols and includes four stone reliefs over its various foyer entrances, including depictions of St. Agnes, St. Amelia, St. Charles, and St. Thomas. Subject:  Religion -- New Testament -- Christ Portrait male -- Gallagher, Michael -- Head Occupation -- Religion -- Bishop Figure male -- Bust Religion -- New Testament -- Mary Religion -- New Testament -- Crucifixion Religion -- New Testament -- Holy Trinity Religion -- New Testament -- Mary Magdalen Architecture exterior -- Religious -- Shrine Religion -- Angel Religion -- Saint -- St. Agnes Religion -- Saint -- St. Charles Religion -- Saint -- St. Amelia Religion -- Saint -- St. Thomas Religion -- Saint -- St. Theresa Religion -- Saint -- St. John Religion -- Saint -- St. Longinus Religion -- Saint -- St. Gabriel Religion -- Saint -- St. Michael Religion -- Saint -- St. Raphael Religion -- Old Testament -- Jophiel Religion -- Old Testament -- Uriel Emblem -- Cross Emblem -- Star of David Animal -- Bird -- Eagle Animal -- Lion Animal -- Cattle Figure -- Fragment -- Skull Object Type:  Outdoor Sculpture -- Michigan -- Royal Oak Relief Architectural component Sculpture Owner:  Shrine of the Little Flower, Woodward Avenue & Twelve Mile Road, Royal Oak, Michigan Remarks:  The Shrine of the Little Flower is dedicated to Saint Therese of Lisieux. Tolerance Tower served as a broadcasting station for Father Charles E. Coughlin and the Radio League of the Little Flower. The tower was created by Rene Chamberlin. Henry R. McGill was architect for the shrine. The face of the archangel St. Michael on the tower's pulpit was modeled after Detroit's then Bishop, Michael Gallagher. The saints appearing in the reliefs over the entrance of the Shrine are the patron saints of Coughlin family members, including: Saint Agnes (patron saint of Father Coughlin's little sister, who died at an early age); Saint Amelia (patron saint of Coughlin's mother -Amelia, Mrs. T. J. Coughlin); Saint Charles (patron saint of Reverend Charles E. Coughlin); and Saint Thomas (patron saint of Mr. T. J. Coughlin). IAS files contain excerpt from Rev. A. M. Hutting's "Shrine of the Little Flower, Souvenir Book, Dedicatory Volume," 1936, which gives detailed descriptions of the architectural sculpture. IAS files also contain excerpt from "Michigan, A Guide to the Wolverine State," New York: Oxford University Press, pg. 425, compiled by workers of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Michigan. For additional reading, see: Royal Oak Daily Tribune, Oct. 10 and Oct. 12, 1931. References:  Save Outdoor Sculpture, Michigan survey, 1993. Index of American Sculpture, University of Delaware, 1985. Illustration:  Image on file. Note:  The information provided about this artwork was compiled as part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture database, designed to provide descriptive and location information on artworks by American artists in public and private collections worldwide. Repository:  Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture, Smithsonian American Art Museum, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 970, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 Control Number:  IAS 76009196   Copy/Holding information Smithsonian AmericanArt Museum Control Number   Inventory of American Sculpture 76009196 Add Copy to MyList Format: HTMLPlain textDelimited Subject:   Email to:

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