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Kraus, Robert,
Henry-Bonnard Bronze Company,
History -- United States
History -- United States
Figure female -- Full length
Allegory -- Civic
Object -- Other
Animal -- Bird
Portrait group
Architecture exterior -- Civic
Occupation -- Other
State of Being -- Death
Ethnic -- African American
Ethnic -- Indian
Portrait male -- Attucks, Crispus
Portrait male -- Maverick, Samuel
Portrait male -- Caldwell, James
Portrait male -- Gray, Samuel
Portrait male -- Carr, Patrick
Outdoor Sculpture -- Massachusetts -- Boston
Obelisk
Relief
Sculpture
Boston Massacre Monument, (sculpture).
Artist:
Kraus, Robert, 1850-1901, sculptor.
Henry-Bonnard Bronze Company, founder.
Title:
Boston Massacre Monument, (sculpture).
Other Titles:
Crispus Attucks Monument, (sculpture).
Victory, (sculpture).
Dates:
Cast 1889. Dedicated Nov. 14, 1889.
Digital Reference:
Medium:
Sculpture: bronze; Relief plaque: bronze; Base and obelisk: Concord granite.
Dimensions:
Sculpture: approx. 7 x 5 x 6 ft.; Base: approx. 10 ft. 6 in. x 10 ft. x 10 ft. 4 in.; Relief plaque: approx. W. 2 ft. 10 in. x H. 4 ft.; Obelisk: approx. H. 25 ft. 6 in.
Inscription:
(Sculpture, proper right:) HENRY BONNARD CO/NEW YORK 1888 (Sculpture, proper left:) ROBERT KRAUS FECIT/BOSTON 1888 (On bronze plaque, along top:) FROM THAT MOMENT/WE MAY DATE/THE SEVERANCE OF/THE BRITISH EMPIRE./DANIEL WEBSTER/ON THAT NIGHT/THE FOUNDATION OF/AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE/WAS LAID./JOHN ADAMS (On bronze plaque, bottom right:) Robert Kraus/Cast by the Henri Bonnard Bronze Co. 1889 (On upper front of obelisk:) CRISPUS ATTUCKS/SAMUEL MAVERICK/JAMES CALDWELL/SAMUEL GRAY/PATRICK CARR (On lower front of obelisk:) MARCH 5, 1770 (On lower rear of obelisk:) ERECTED IN 1888 BY THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS/IN HONOR OF THOSE WHO FELL/AT THE/BOSTON MASSACRE signed Founder's mark appears.
Description:
The monument consists of an allegorical female figure representing the Spirit of the Revolution standing atop a granite base in front of a tall granite obelisk adorned with a band of thirteen stars around the top. The female figure is loosely draped and holds a furled American flag in her proper left hand. Her proper right arm is raised and in her proper right hand she holds a broken piece of chain. Beneath her proper right foot is a broken British crown. An eagle ready to take flight is perched by her proper left foot. On the base, beneath the female figure, is a bronze relief plaque depicting the Boston Massacre. It shows five men, Crispus Attucks, Samuel Maverick, James Caldwell, Samuel Gray, and Patrick Carr, slain by the British soldiers in front of the Massachusetts State House. The hand of one victim and the foot of another project from the surface of the relief. The hand is brightly polished by visitors who think they are shaking the hand of Crispus Attuck.
Subject:
History -- United States -- Revolution
History -- United States -- Boston Massacre
Figure female -- Full length
Allegory -- Civic -- Liberty
Object -- Other -- Flag
Animal -- Bird -- Eagle
Portrait group
Architecture exterior -- Civic -- Capitol
Occupation -- Other -- Colonist
State of Being -- Death
Ethnic -- African American
Ethnic -- Indian
Portrait male -- Attucks, Crispus -- Full length
Portrait male -- Maverick, Samuel -- Full length
Portrait male -- Caldwell, James -- Full length
Portrait male -- Gray, Samuel -- Full length
Portrait male -- Carr, Patrick -- Full length
Object Type:
Outdoor Sculpture -- Massachusetts -- Boston
Obelisk
Relief
Sculpture
Owner:
Administered by City of Boston, Boston Art Commission, Office of Cultural Affairs, Boston City Hall, Room 716, Boston, Massachusetts 02201
Located Boston Common, Tremont Street near Avery Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116
Remarks:
IAS files contain and excerpt from Allan Forbes and Ralph M. Eastman's "Some Statues of Boston," Boston: State Street Trust Company, 1946, pg. 18-19; Walter Muir Whitehill's "Boston Statues," Barre, MA: Barre Publisher, Inc., 1970, pg. 82, and a copy of the Condition Survey of Boston Sculpture form dated Nov. 2, 1979.
References:
Public Monument Conservation Project, 1986.
Boston Art Commission, 1991.
Index of American Sculpture, University of Delaware, 1985.
Zoukee, Sophye M., "Adopt-A-Statue Casebook," Boston: City of Boston, 1990, pg. 9.
Save Outdoor Sculpture, Massachusetts survey, 1993.
National Park Service, American Monuments and Outdoor Sculpture Database, MA0150, 1989.
Monumental News, Dec. 1894; March 1895.
Illustration:
Image on file.
Zoukee, Sophye M., "Adopt-A-Statue Casebook," Boston: City of Boston, 1990, pg. 9.
Note:
The information provided about this artwork was compiled as part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture database, designed to provide descriptive and location information on artworks by American artists in public and private collections worldwide.
Repository:
Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture, Smithsonian American Art Museum, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 970, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012
Control Number:
IAS MA000007
Copy/Holding information
Smithsonian AmericanArt Museum
Control Number
Inventory of American Sculpture
MA000007
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