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  •  
    		• Rosano, Aureleo,
     
  •  
    		• Birtch, Dale,
     
  •  
    		• Avilla, Eddie,
     
  •  
    		• Dale R. Birtch, Inc.,
     
  •  
    		• Laco Construction,
     
  •  
    		• A & A Concrete,
     
  •  
    		• History -- Soviet Union
     
  •  
    		• Allegory -- Civic
     
  •  
    		• State of Being -- Other
     
  •  
    		• Abstract
     
  •  
    		• Outdoor Sculpture -- Arizona -- Tucson
     
  •  
    		• Sculpture
     
     
    Barrier, (sculpture).
    Artist: 
    Rosano, Aureleo, 1930- , sculptor.
    Birtch, Dale, engineer.
    Avilla, Eddie, contractor.
    Dale R. Birtch, Inc., engineering firm.
    Laco Construction, contractor.
    A & A Concrete, contractor.
    Title: 
    Barrier, (sculpture).
    Other Titles: 
    Monument to Peoples of Captive Nations, (sculpture).
    Captive Nations Sculpture, (sculpture).
    Dates: 
    Modeled 1985. 1986. Installed Jan. 29, 1986. Dedicated March 8, 1986.
    Digital Reference: 
    Image Image Image
    Medium: 
    Sculpture: Cor-Ten steel, rebar, and angle iron; Foundation: concrete and brick.
    Dimensions: 
    Sculpture: approx. 14 x 10 x 4 ft.; Foundation: approx. W. 12 ft. x D. 5 ft. (2,300 lbs.).
    Inscription: 
    (Welded on lower left area of left panel:) Rosano (On front of left panel:) AFGHANISTAN/VIETNAM/ANGOLA/UKRAINE/BULGARIA/ROMANIA/BYELORUSSIA/POLAND/CAMBODIA (On front of center panel:) in Memory of/the millions of people/who have been killed and in Honor of those who continue to struggle for freedom in these nations held captive by Soviet Imperialism THE TUCSON CAPTIVE NATIONS COMMITTEE 1983 1986 (On front of right panel:) NORTH KOREA/CUBA/LITHUANIA/CZECHOSLOVAKIA/LATVIA/EAST GERMANY/LAOS/ESTONIA/HUNGARY signed
    Description: 
    An abstract sculpture composed of three eight foot high panels of steel supported by a welded rebar superstructure and welded angle iron side braces. A grid-like array of rebar superstructure extends out above the top of each panel. The rebars extend below the panels as short stilts to elevate the sculpture over the flat concrete foundation. Five memorial bricks are set in the concrete foundation.
    Subject: 
    History -- Soviet Union -- Cold War
    Allegory -- Civic -- Communism
    State of Being -- Other -- Imprisonment
    Abstract
    Object Type: 
    Outdoor Sculpture -- Arizona -- Tucson
    Sculpture
    Owner: 
    Administered by City of Tucson, Parks and Recreation Department, 900 South Randolph Way, Tucson, Arizona 85716
    Located Himmel Park, Tucson Boulevard & 2nd Street, Tucson, Arizona
    Remarks: 
    The sculpture is dedicated to those who have been denied freedom in Soviet-controlled or Soviet-backed countries and was installed by the Captive Nations Coordinating Committee of Tucson. The names of nineteen captive countries are inscribed on the front of the sculpture. Funds for purchasing materials for the sculpture project were raised by the Cuban, Hungarian, Polish, Ukrainian, and Vietnamese Clubs of Tucson. The sculpture replaced a sculpture, installed in 1983 by refugee families of the Captive Nations Committee, that had been severely vandalized. Five bricks from the first sculpture are set in the concrete foundation to honor the first effort.
    The artist designed the sculpture to resemble the Iron Curtain. He stated that "the holes in it represent the holes where a few get out," and the steel "will hopefully rust away just as we hope the Iron Curtain will." Although Afghanistan appears as one of the captive countries inscribed on the front of the sculpture, local Afghans told the sculpture project organizers that they do not believe Afghan rebels have lost their war with Soviet troops.
    Dale Birtch of Dale Birtch, Inc. was the structural engineer for the sculpture. Laco Construction and A & A Concrete donated the concrete and supplied the manpower to install the concrete foundation. Eddie Avilla of A & A Concrete was the concrete contractor. For related reading see "The Rosano Sculptures," 1984. IAS files contain a related article from the Arizona Daily Star, March 9, 1986; a dedication invitation; and a Summary of Events for the sculpture project.
    References: 
    Save Outdoor Sculpture, Arizona, Tucson survey, 1994.
    Illustration: 
    Image on file.
    Arizona Daily Star, March 9, 1986.
    Note: 
    The information provided about this artwork was compiled as part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture database, designed to provide descriptive and location information on artworks by American artists in public and private collections worldwide.
    Repository: 
    Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture, Smithsonian American Art Museum, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 970, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012
    Control Number: 
    IAS AZ000581
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