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The Evolution of Civilization, (painting). Artist:  Blashfield, Edwin Howland, 1848-1936, painter. Title:  The Evolution of Civilization, (painting). Other Titles:  Evolution of Civilization: Human Understanding, (painting). Human Understanding, (painting). Progress of Civilization, (painting). Library of Congress: Dome of the Rotunda, (painting). Dates:  1895-1896. Inscription:  (On base of the dynamo in front of the figure of America:) These decorations were designed and executed by Edwin Howland Blashfield, assisted by Arthur Reginald Willett, A. D. MDCCCLXXXXI signed Description:  In the lantern of the dome, a female figure representing Human Understanding floats in the sky. She lifts her veil and looks upward Two cherubs are at her side. One holds a book of wisdom and knowledge. The other looks downward. In the collar of the dome, which encircles the lantern, are twelve seated figures against a wall of mosaic patterning. They represent the twelve countries, or epochs, which have contributed to the development of civilization. Beside each figure is a tablet with the name of the country typified and below that is a streamer with that country's contribution. The wings of each figure overlap. The figures represent: Egypt (Written Records); Judea (Religion); Greece (Philosophy); Rome (Administration); Islam (Physics); The Middle Ages (Modern Languages); Italy (Fine Arts); Germany (Art of Printing); Spain (Discovery); England (Literature); France (Emancipation); America (Science). Subject:  Allegory -- Other -- Civilization Allegory -- Place -- Egypt Allegory -- Place -- Judea Allegory -- Religion Allegory -- Place -- Greece Allegory -- Arts & Sciences -- Philosophy Allegory -- Place -- Rome Allegory -- Civic -- Law Allegory -- Place -- Islam Allegory -- Other -- Physics Allegory -- Place -- Italy Allegory -- Arts & Sciences -- Art Allegory -- Place -- Germany Allegory -- Arts & Sciences -- Printing Allegory -- Place -- Spain Allegory -- Other -- Exploration Allegory -- Place -- England Allegory -- Arts & Sciences -- Literature Allegory -- Place -- France Allegory -- Civic -- Liberty Allegory -- Place -- America Allegory -- Arts & Sciences -- Science Object Type:  Mural Painting Owner:  Library of Congress, 10 1st Street, S.E., Rotunda Reading Room, dome, Washington, District of Columbia 20540 References:  "Heroes in the fight for beauty: the muralists of the Hudson County Court House," Jersey City: Jersey City Museum, 1986, no. 3. Small, Herbert, "The Library of Congress: its architecture and decoration," New York: Norton, 1982, pg. 102-111. Exh. Catalog, "Art for Architecture," NCFA, Washington, DC, 1975. Brochure of the Mural Painters, a National Society Founded 1895, New York: the Kalkhoff Company, 1916. Weiner, Mina Rieur, ed., "Edwin Howland Blashfield: Master American Muralist," New York, NY: W. W. Norton and Company, 2009, pg. 31. Illustration:  "Heroes in the fight for beauty: the muralists of the Hudson County Court House," Jersey City: Jersey City Museum, 1986, pg. 41. Small, Herbert, "The Library of Congress: its architecture and decoration," New York: Norton, 1982, pg. 104, 105, 107. Related Works:  For study see: 23490009. Note:  The information provided about this artwork was compiled as part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture database, designed to provide descriptive and location information on artworks by American artists in public and private collections worldwide. Repository:  Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture, Smithsonian American Art Museum, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 970, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 Control Number:  IAP 86130441   Copy/Holding information Smithsonian AmericanArt Museum Control Number   Inventory of American Paintings 86130441 Add Copy to MyList Format: HTMLPlain textDelimited Subject:   Email to:

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