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Ball, Thomas,
Babcock, O. E.,
Royal Foundry,
Portrait male -- Lincoln, Abraham
Occupation -- Political
Occupation -- Law
Portrait male -- Archer, Alexander
Figure male -- Full length
State of Being -- Other
History -- United States
History -- United States
Ethnic -- African American
Outdoor Sculpture -- District of Columbia -- Washington
Sculpture
Emancipation Monument, (sculpture).
Artist:
Ball, Thomas, 1819-1911, sculptor.
Babcock, O. E., architect.
Royal Foundry, founder.
Title:
Emancipation Monument, (sculpture).
Other Titles:
Lincoln
Emancipation, (sculpture).
Freedom's Memorial, (sculpture).
Dates:
Modeled 1874. Cast 1875. Dedicated April 14, 1876.
Digital Reference:
Medium:
Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite with bronze plaques.
Dimensions:
Sculpture: approx. 9 x 6 x 4 ft.; Base: approx. 9 x 12 x 10 ft.
Inscription:
(Side of sculpture, near base:) THOMAS BALL Sc. 1874 (Back of sculpture near base:) FERD. MILLER jun./FUDIT/MUCHEN 1875 (Bronze plaque on front of base:) FREEDOM'S MEMORIAL/IN GRATEFUL MEMORY OF
ABRAHAM
LINCOLN
/THIS MONUMENT WAS ERECTED/BY THE WASHINGTON SANITARY COMMISSION/OF SAINT LOUIS MO./WITH FUNDS CONTRIBUTED SOLELY BY/EMANCIPATED CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES/DECLARED FREE BY HIS PROCLAMATION/JANUARY 1ST A.D. 1863./THE FIRST CONTRIBUTION OF FIVE DOLLARS WAS MADE/BY CHARLOTTE SCOTT A FREED WOMAN OF VIRGINIA/BEING HER FIRST EARNINGS IN FREEDOM/AND CONSECRATED/BY HER SUGGESTION AND REQUEST/ON THE DAY SHE HEARD OF PRESIDENT
LINCOLN
'S DEATH/TO BUILD A MONUMENT TO HIS MEMORY (Bronze plaque on back of base:) AND UPON THIS ACT/SINCERELY BELIEVED TO BE AN ACT OF JUSTICE/WARRANTED BY THIS CONSTITUTION/UPON MILITARY NECESSITY/I INVOKE/THE CONSIDERATE JUDGEMENT OF MANKIND/AND/THE GRACIOUS FAVOR OF ALL MIGHTY GOD/A.
LINCOLN
EMANCIPATION/PROCLAMATION JANY.1.1863/WESTERN SANITARY COMMISSION/JAMES E. YEATMAN PRESIDENT./C.S. CREELEY TREAS:/GEO. PARTRIDGE . DR. J. B. JOHNSON./WMC. ELIOT. signed Founder's mark appears.
Description:
A standing
portrait
of
Abraham
Lincoln
with his proper left hand extended over the head of a freed African American enslaved individual kneeling in front of him. Beside the freed African American enslaved individual are the symbols of slavery, a whipping post, chains, fetters, and a frayed whip. Behind the figures there is a draped tree stump adorned with a rose vine that symbolizes the end of slavery. In his proper right hand,
Lincoln
holds a copy of the Emancipation Proclamation. Next to
Lincoln
is a short podium adorned with a profile
portrait
of George Washington's head.
Subject:
Portrait
male
--
Lincoln
,
Abraham
--
Full
length
Occupation
--
Political
--
President
Occupation
--
Law
--
Lawyer
Portrait
male
--
Archer, Alexander
--
Full
length
Figure
male
--
Full
length
State of Being
--
Other
--
Enslaved
History
--
United States
--
Black History
History
--
United States
--
Emancipation Proclamation
Ethnic
--
African American
Object Type:
Outdoor Sculpture
--
District of Columbia
--
Washington
Sculpture
Owner:
Administered by United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Washington, District of Columbia
Located
Lincoln
Park, East Capitol & 11th Streets, N.E., Washington, District of Columbia
Remarks:
The head of the enslaved individual was modeled from a photograph of Archer Alexander, the last African American to be recaptured under the Fugitive Slave Act. The monument was erected by the Western Sanitary Commission of St. Louis at a cost of $18,000 which was raised solely by emancipated enslaved individuals. The idea for the monument came from Charlotte Scott, a freed slave from Virginia. She thought of the monument after hearing of
Lincoln
's assassination and was the first to make a contribution toward funding the piece. She contributed the first money she earned in freedom, five dollars, following the enactment of the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. The sculpture was dedicated on the eleventh anniversary of
Lincoln
's assassination. The dedication ceremony was attended by President Grant and his cabinet and Frederick Douglass spoke. IAS files contain a excerpt from F. Lauriston Bullard's "
Lincoln
in Marble and Bronze," New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1952, pg. 64-72 which describes in detail the circumstances surrounding the establishment of the monument. The sculpture was so popular that a duplicate was ordered for the city of Boston in 1877 (IAS record 76008840). IAS files contain related article from the Washington Post, June 6, 1999, A8.
References:
Index of American Sculpture, University of Delaware, 1985.
Goode, James M., "The Outdoor Sculpture of Washington, D.C., A Comprehensive Historical Guide," Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1974, pg. 86.
Save Outdoor Sculpture, District of Columbia survey, 1993.
Michael Richman, SAAM curatorial assistant, 1967-1969.
SOS Conservation Treatment Award, 1998.
Goode, James M., "Washington Sculpture: A Cultural History of Outdoor Sculpture in the Nation's Capitol," Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008, no. 1.38.
Illustration:
Image on file.
Goode, James M., "The Outdoor Sculpture of Washington, D.C., A Comprehensive Historical Guide," Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1974, A-37.
Goode, James M., "Washington Sculpture: A Cultural History of Outdoor Sculpture in the Nation's Capitol," Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008, no. 1.38.
Note:
The information provided about this artwork was compiled as part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture database, designed to provide descriptive and location information on artworks by American artists in public and private collections worldwide.
Repository:
Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture, Smithsonian American Art Museum, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 970, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012
Control Number:
IAS 76004862
Copy/Holding information
Smithsonian AmericanArt Museum
Control Number
Inventory of American Sculpture
76004862
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