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  •  
    		• Borglum, Gutzon,
     
  •  
    		• Borglum, Lincoln,
     
  •  
    		• Del Bianco, Luigi,
     
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    		• Portrait male -- Washington, George
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Jefferson, Thomas
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Roosevelt, Theodore
     
  •  
    		• Portrait male -- Lincoln, Abraham
     
  •  
    		• Occupation -- Political
     
  •  
    		• Earthwork
     
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    		• Outdoor Sculpture -- South Dakota -- Keystone
     
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    		• Site-specific
     
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    		• Sculpture
     
     
    Mount Rushmore National Memorial, (sculpture).
    Artist: 
    Borglum, Gutzon, 1867-1941, sculptor.
    Borglum, Lincoln, 1912-1986, assistant.
    Del Bianco, Luigi, carver.
    Title: 
    Mount Rushmore National Memorial, (sculpture).
    Other Titles: 
    Shrine of Democracy, (sculpture).
    Dates: 
    Head of Washington dedicated July 4, 1930; Head of Jefferson dedicated August 30, 1936; Head of Lincoln dedicated September 17, 1937; and Head of Roosevelt dedicated July 2, 1939.
    Digital Reference: 
    Image Image
    Medium: 
    Harney Peak granite.
    Dimensions: 
    Approx. 60 x 212 x 140 ft.
    Inscription: 
    unsigned
    Subject: 
    Portrait male -- Washington, George -- Head
    Portrait male -- Jefferson, Thomas -- Head
    Portrait male -- Roosevelt, Theodore -- Head
    Portrait male -- Lincoln, Abraham -- Head
    Occupation -- Political -- President
    Object Type: 
    Earthwork
    Outdoor Sculpture -- South Dakota -- Keystone
    Site-specific
    Sculpture
    Owner: 
    Administered by United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Washington, District of Columbia
    Located Mount Rushmore National Memorial, P. O. Box 268, Keystone, South Dakota 57751
    Remarks: 
    Work on the monument began August 10, 1927, the day President Calvin Coolidge dedicated Mount Rushmore. Fourteen years were needed to bring the sculpture to its conclusion, but because of bad weather and lack of funds only six years were actually spent in the carving. Work was suspended October 31, 1941. The idea for carving the monument was conceived by Doane Robinson, the South Dakota State Historian in 1923. His original idea was to carve romantic western heroes. 361 local hard rock miners assisted in creating the work.
    Total cost of the memorial was $989,992, of which $836,000 was federally funded. The mountain is named after Charles E. Rushmore, a New York lawyer who researched the land claims of miners in the 1880s. In 1927, he gave Borglum the first $5,000 for the memorial. After Borglum's death, his son Lincoln Borglum worked with the crew to finish the job.
    IAS files contain a brochure on the memorial published by the Mount Rushmore Preservation Fund, and related article from American Heritage, Oct. 1991, pg. 38-39. IAS files also contain newspaper clipping from The Examiner (Washington, DC), July 29, 2005, pg. 11 discussing cleaning of the sculpture.
    References: 
    Save Outdoor Sculpture, South Dakota survey, 1993.
    Index of American Sculpture, University of Delaware, 1985.
    Fite, Gilbert C., "Mount Rushmore," Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1952.
    Dean, Robert J., "Living Granite," Viking Press, 1949.
    Dupre, Judith, "Monuments: America's History in Art and Memory," New York, NY: Random House, Inc., 2007, pg. 106-111.
    Illustration: 
    Image on file.
    Dupre, Judith, "Monuments: America's History in Art and Memory," New York, NY: Random House, Inc., 2007, pg. 106-107.
    Note: 
    The information provided about this artwork was compiled as part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture database, designed to provide descriptive and location information on artworks by American artists in public and private collections worldwide.
    Repository: 
    Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture, Smithsonian American Art Museum, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 970, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012
    Control Number: 
    IAS 76008996
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    Inventory of American Sculpture76008996Add Copy to MyList

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