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  •  
    		• Gaylord, Frank Chalfant, II,
     
  •  
    		• Nelson, Louis,
     
  •  
    		• Arnold, Henry,
     
  •  
    		• Cooper-Lecky Architects,
     
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    		• History -- United States
     
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    		• Figure group
     
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    		• Occupation -- Military
     
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    		• Fountain
     
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    		• Outdoor Sculpture -- District of Columbia -- Washington
     
  •  
    		• Sculpture
     
     
    Korean War Veterans Memorial, (sculpture).
    Artist: 
    Gaylord, Frank Chalfant, II, 1925-2018, sculptor.
    Nelson, Louis, sculptor.
    Arnold, Henry, landscape architect.
    Cooper-Lecky Architects, architectural firm.
    Title: 
    Korean War Veterans Memorial, (sculpture).
    Dates: 
    Commissioned Oct. 1986. Dedicated July 27, 1995.
    Medium: 
    Figures: stainless steel; Wall: etched, polished black granite.
    Dimensions: 
    Wall: approx. H. 11 ft. to 4 1/2 ft. x L. 164 ft.
    Inscription: 
    (On wall:) FREEDOM IS NOT FREE (On Pool of Rembrance:) Our nation honors her sons and daughters who answered the call to defend a country they never knew and a people they never met
    Description: 
    Memorial comprised of 19 free-standing stainless steel figures, a mural wall, and a circular reflecting pool. The 19 figures include 14 army soldiers, 3 marines, 1 navy medic, and 1 Air Force forward. Each is shrouded in wind-blown ponchos. The figures appear to be emerging from a field. At the apex of the field is a circular Pool of Remembrance. Behind them is the memorial wall, etched with over 2,000 images of veterans, including Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and Native Americans, who were part of the land, sea, and air forces in Korea between 1950 and 1953. Another wall lists the 22 countries that sent troops to Korea.
    Subject: 
    History -- United States -- Korean War
    Figure group
    Occupation -- Military -- Soldier
    Object Type: 
    Fountain
    Outdoor Sculpture -- District of Columbia -- Washington
    Sculpture
    Owner: 
    Administered by United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Washington, District of Columbia
    Located Constitution Gardens, Washington, District of Columbia
    Remarks: 
    The memorial commemorates the more than 1.5 million Americans serving in the Korean War, including the 54,246 U.S. military personnel and 58,000 South Korean military personnel who died.
    The idea for the monument originated with a group of Korean War veterans, including members of the 25th Infantry, who founded the Korean War Veterans Association in 1985. On Oct. 28, 1986, President Ronald Reagan approved a resolution authorizing the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, American Battle Monuments Commission to erect a Korean War memorial on the mall and allocated $1 million in seed money. An initial design contest was won in 1989 by a 4 member team of architects and faculty members at Pennsylanvia State College School of Architecture (John Paul Lucas, Veronica Burns Lucas, Eliza Pennypacker Oberholtzen, and Don Alvaro Leon). They subsequently withdrew their design, after significant modifications were requested.
    Architects Cooper-Lecky then took over and supervised the design and construction of the memorial, reducing the number of statues from 38 to 19, and placing the figures in a scattered pattern in a field of juniper bushes (rather than a single line of figures as originally proposed). Frank Gaylord designed and modeled the 19 stainless steel figures; Louis Nelson designed and executed the granite wall mural. IAS files contain related newspaper clippings from the Times Argus (Barre-Montpelier, VT), July 6, 1990; Washington Post (July 23, 1995, Sect. C, pg. 10); Washington Post (July 23, 1995, Sec. A, pg. 1, 10); Washington Post (July 28, 1995, Sec. A, pg. 21); and Washington Post (July 28, 1995, Sec. A, pg. 1, 20). IAS files also contain magazine articles from Landscape Architect (Feb. 1996, pg. 152, 101) and Maquette (Nov. 1995, pg. 13-14), which discuss copyright controversies.
    References: 
    IAS staff, 1996.
    America's Battlefields & Memorials (a supplement to newsweeklies published by Army Times Publishing Co, Springfield, VA), June 24, 2002, pg. 39.
    Dupre, Judith, "Monuments: America's History in Art and Memory," New York, NY: Random House, Inc., 2007, pg. 170-173.
    Illustration: 
    Dupre, Judith, "Monuments: America's History in Art and Memory," New York, NY: Random House, Inc., 2007, pg. 172-173
    Note: 
    The information provided about this artwork was compiled as part of the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture database, designed to provide descriptive and location information on artworks by American artists in public and private collections worldwide.
    Repository: 
    Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture, Smithsonian American Art Museum, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 970, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012
    Control Number: 
    IAS 71500313
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    Smithsonian AmericanArt MuseumControl Number 
    Inventory of American Sculpture71500313Add Copy to MyList

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